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Statistics
in the Present Time:
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In present age, the
statistics is regarded as the most important tool to makes certain decisions.
There is hardly any field of activity, where statistics is not applied.
Statistics helps us to from suitable policies and use than the other fields.
Thus the increasing demand and decreasing cost of statistical give way to the
growth of statistics.
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Meaning of
Statistics
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Today
statistics is the scientific study of handling quantitative information. It
embodies-methodology of collection, classification, description, analyzing
and interpretation of numerical data obtain through the experiment. So, Now a
day the word “Statistics” is used in three different senses.
1.
Singular
sense. (Statistical Method)
2.
Plural
sense. (Narrow sense / Statistical data)
3.
Technical
sense (Plural of statistics)
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1.
Singular
sense. (Statistical Method)
In
its singular sense, the word “Statistics” means the science of statistics
which deals with statistical methods. In other words, statistics is a science
in which we study as to how a numerical data is
a)
Collected.
b)
Presented.
c)
Interpreted.
Here different statistical
methods are applied before drawing any results.
i)
Sampling.
ii)
Classification.
iii)
Measurement
of averages.
iv)
Measurement
of variability.
v)
Index
number.
This
definition is clear and concise. The data are collected to study a particular
problem. The collected data in mass may be converted in the form of diagrams,
graphs etc. according to this definition, there are four stages.
i)
Collection
of data.
ii)
Presentation
of data.
iii)
Analysis
of data.
iv)
Interpretation
of data.
Collection
of data:
The
first step of an investigation is the collection of data. Careful collection
is needed, because further analysis is based on this.
Presentation
of data:
The
collected data are to be presented in tabular or diagrammatic or graphic
form. The data presented in a systematic order will facilitate further
analysis.
Analysis
of data:
After
the presentation of data, the next step is to analyses the presented data.
Analysis includes condensation, summarization, conclusion etc. through the
means of measures of central tendencies, dispersion, skewness, kurtosis,
correlation, regression.
Interpret
the data:
Figures
do not speak for themselves. The duty of the statistician is not complete
with more collection and analysis of data. But valid conclusions must be
drawn on the basis of the analysis. A high degree of skill and experience is
necessary for the interpretation.
Correct
interpretation leads valid conclusion.
Seligman’s
defines, “Statistic is the science which deals with the methods of
collecting, classifying presenting, composing and interpreting numerical data
collected to throw light on any sphere of enquiry.”
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